Space exploration is a remarkable feat that captivates the imagination of people worldwide. However, the journey beyond our planet comes with unique challenges that can have unexpected consequences on the human body. One such phenomenon experienced by astronauts during space travel is onycholysis, where fingernails seem to detach after extravehicular activities (EVAs) in space.
The environment in space is drastically different from Earth, presenting various physiological challenges to astronauts. Onycholysis, the detachment of fingernails, has emerged as a complex problem that is closely linked to atmospheric pressure and spacesuit design.
In space, the minimal ambient pressure requires astronauts to wear pressurized spacesuits to ensure their safety during EVAs.
While these suits are crucial for survival, they can pose challenges for the hands, leading to common injuries such as onycholysis. The pressurized gloves worn by astronauts restrict movement, causing discomfort, muscle fatigue, and sometimes severe injuries.
Challenges with Spacesuit Design
Despite advancements in spacesuit technology, studies have shown that hand injuries, including onycholysis, persistently occur during EVAs.
Regardless of the type of gloves used or the specifics of the mission, astronauts frequently encounter issues related to their hands while conducting spacewalks.
A study conducted in 2010 analyzed 232 reported hand injuries in astronauts and identified a correlation between knuckle width and the risk of injury. The research highlighted the importance of spacesuit glove design, particularly its impact on knuckle mobility, in preventing hand injuries, including onycholysis.
Spacesuit gloves are intricate pieces of equipment made up of multiple layers designed to provide comfort, regulate pressure, allow movement, and protect astronauts from space hazards. Despite their complexities, finding a glove design that minimizes the risk of onycholysis has proven to be challenging.
Recent research led by engineer Christopher Reid focused on 31 reported cases of onycholysis injuries among astronauts, offering new insights into the problem.
The study identified glove design as a significant factor, with certain types of gloves being associated with an 8.5 times higher risk of fingernail loss. Middle finger injuries, influenced by glove sizing and length, were found to be common, and onycholysis was observed to be more prevalent in female astronauts compared to their male counterparts.
While the research indicates that poor glove fit may contribute to onycholysis, there is hope on the horizon with the development of new spacesuits for the Artemis era. These advancements aim to address issues related to glove design and fit, potentially reducing the risk of onycholysis among astronauts.
Space travel is a remarkable endeavor that pushes the boundaries of human exploration.
However, it is essential to address the challenges that astronauts face, including the unexpected consequences on the human body such as onycholysis. By continuously improving spacesuit design and addressing issues related to hand injuries, we can ensure the health and safety of astronauts during their space missions.
English (US)